Zeta’s T Cell Clonality Cocktail – DUAL STAIN.
Zeta’s T Cell Clonality Cocktail provides dual staining for CD3 and TRBC1 (T-cell receptor beta constant 1), an advanced immunohistochemical (IHC) approach used to evaluate T-cell clonality, which is critical for distinguishing reactive (polyclonal) T-cell proliferations from malignant (monoclonal) T-cell lymphomas.
The T Cell Clonality Cocktail includes two recombinant antibodies to CD3 and TRBC1. Zeta’s ZM45 antibody reacts with the intracytoplasmic portion of the CD3 antigen expressed by T cells. It stains human T cells in both the cortex and medulla of the thymus and in peripheral lymphoid tissues. This antibody is suitable for staining normal and neoplastic T cells in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. TRBC1 refers to T-Cell Receptor Beta Constant 1. It encodes the constant region of the TCRβ chain, which, together with variable and joining regions, forms the complete TCR that interacts with antigens. TRBC1 expression and variations can be studied in the context of T-cell malignancies or immune system disorders. Malignant lymphomas and leukemias often show restricted expression of TRBC1 or TRBC2, rather than normal mixed, therefore, combination of CD3 and TRBC1 antibodies can be used to determine T cell clonality by paraffin immunohistochemistry. The staining CD3/TRBC1 patterns: normal lymphoid tissue: mixed CD3 (brown) and TRBC1 (red), ration 2:1; monoclonal T cell population: mixed CD3 (brown) and TRBC1 (red), ration 1:1, or only brown with no red staining.
Zeta’s T Cell Clonality Cocktail offers improved specificity over other techniques such as PCR-based TCR gene arrangements, which can be difficult to interpret in small or mixed-cell populations and miss minor clones or false-positive in reactive conditions. TRBC1 IHC enables morphologic correlation, preserves tissue context, and can be interpreted on small biopsies or cytology samples.
In detection of clonality, TRBC1 expression is mutually exclusive: each αβ T-cell expresses either TRBC1 or TRBC2, never both. In a polyclonal population, there’s a mixture of TRBC1⁺ and TRBC1⁻ cells. In a monoclonal (neoplastic) population, all CD3⁺ cells express TRBC1 or are completely TRBC1⁻ (i.e., they express TRBC2 instead, which is not stained). When paired with CD3, dual staining allows visualization of which T cells express TRBC1, providing a direct in-situ assessment of clonality.
Dual CD3/TRBC1 is especially helpful in early or borderline T-cell lymphomas, cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and cases with mixed inflammatory background where molecular clonality may be obscured.
Zeta’s DUAL STAIN products provide more information from limited tissues, by seeing two related markers on the same slide while also allowing pathologists to see cellular localization and interaction within the tumor environment. Zeta uses one mouse and one rabbit recombinant monoclonal in each cocktail to allow for differential color results.
Zeta Corporation is a leader in recombinant monoclonal IVD antibodies for immunohistochemistry (IHC) offering 400+ tumor and tissue specific relevant products developed by a pathologist for pathologists. Visit Precision Recombinant Antibodies – IVD Antibodies – About Zeta Corporation (zeta-corp.com) to learn more about Zeta Corporation.