TRBC1 (T-Cell Receptor Beta Constant 1) is a gene that encodes a part of the T-cell receptor (TCR) beta chain. It is one of the two constant region genes for the TCR beta chain, the other being TRBC2.Humans have two nearly identical constant region genes (TRBC1 and TRBC2). Each T cell expresses either TRBC1 or TRBC2, but not both. TRBC1 and TRBC2 are mutually exclusive. TRBC1 is a part of the TCRαβ-CD3 complex only expressed on mature αβ T-cells; γδ T-cells are inherently negative for TRBC1. TRBC1 is mainly localized on the cell surface but also detectable in the cytoplasm. The clone ZR458 does not cross-react with with TRBC2/TCRβ constant region 2 protein. Malignant lymphomas and leukemias often show restricted expression of TRBC1 or TRBC2, rather than normal mixed, therefore, combination of TRBC1 antibodies can be used to determine T cell clonality by paraffin immunohistochemistry.
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