Zeta MSH-2 Antibody. Zeta’s recombinant rabbit antibody recognizes MSH-2 (MutS Homologue 2), one of the main genes involved in mismatch repair and involved in familial cancer syndromes including Lynch and Muir Torre syndrome. Inherited mutations in the MSH2 (and MLH1) homologs of the bacterial DNA mismatch repair genes MutS and MutL were found at high frequency in HNPCC and were shown to be associated with microsatellite instability. The demonstration that 10 to 45% of pancreatic, gastric, breast, ovarian and small cell lung cancers also display microsatellite instability has been interpreted to suggest that DNA mismatch repair is not restricted to HNPCC tumors but is a common feature in tumor initiation or progression.
MSH-2 is one of the four main genes of the MisMatch Repair family (MMR), where an optimally functioning MMR is important for cancer avoidance and to maintain genomic stability by correcting single base mismatch and insertion deletion loops which results from DNA replication, genetic recombination or chemical or physical damage. The MSH2 and MSH6 proteins bind, forming a heterodimeric complex (mutSα) which identifies mismatched bases and initiates DNA repair. The mismatch binding results in an ATP dependent conformational change, with subsequent recruitment of mutLα, MLH1 and PMS2 heterodimers. Then DNA repair proteins are recruited to complete the process. MSH-2/MMR dysfunction causes microsatellite instability, which is characteristic feature of Lynch Syndrome, hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC).
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